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Seminars
2010
upcoming lectures and seminars
The following lectures
are open to the public. Please contact the school or hosting
organization for registration.
※June 11-14: Complete Tung's Acupuncture Courses
(The
registration is closed)Deadline
for class registration was on May 30
※July 3-5:
Jin Gui (Golden Chamber), Five Branches University (in
Chinese)(www.fivvebranches.edu)
※September 15-17: Tung’s Acupuncture, Europe (in Chinese and German)(www.atcm.ch
and www.spitalzollikerberg.ch)
※October
8-11: Advanced Tung’s Acupuncture Seminar (click)
※November
6-8: Shang Han (Cold Damaged), Five Branches University (in Chinese)
(www.fivvebranches.edu)
2010 lectures and seminars
※February
27-28: Tung’s Acupuncture, Academy of Oriental medicine at Austinwww.aoma.edu/southwest-symposium.
The
2-day course has completed successfully. Please see News Release for detail.
※April
3-4:Dr.
Tung's Acupuncture,New
York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine(www.nyctcm.edu)(click)
※May
9-11,
Ji Nan
,
China"The
Complete Courses of Tung's Acupuncture"
( http://www.txz1.com/bbs/ )
End Successfully(Click)
Tung’s
Acupuncture Complete Course in China End Successfully
Dr. Wei-Chieh Young was invited to lecture on the "Tung’s Acupuncture
Complete Course" from May 9th to 11th, 2010 in Ji Nan City, Sandong
Province, China. More than 140 participants attended the seminar (see the
photo below). The seminar was very successful. The majority of the
participants came from various cities and provinces of China. Others
traveled from Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, Malaysia, and Japan. Quite
a few came from Hongkong, Macao, and Taiwan. It was regretful that those
who signed up late were unable to attend due to the limitation of class size
and boarding arrangement.
This course covered mainly the point system of the Tung’s Acupuncture. The applications and principles of the point system were introduced, such as Zang Fu Bei Tong (the extraordinary connections of the viscera), Ti Ying Zhen Fa (the needling technique of the body correspondence), Tai Ji Dui Ying (the correspondence of the Tai Ji), and the elucidations of the five-elements (including the concepts of space, time and image-number). Dr. Young also demonstrated how to locate, needle and manipulate on some points.
Numerous participants expressed that they learned abundantly and made huge progress through this seminar. After the seminar, Dr. Young invited everyone to participate in the International Tung’s Acupuncture Forum scheduled to be held in November, 2010 in Qing Dou City, San Dong Province, China.※Lectures of several schools and organizations are not open to the public. Here thus they are omitted.
Reply and Recommendation:
2009 lectures and seminars
※July
2009:Lecture at the Doctoral program of Acupuncture and Oriental
Medicine (DAOM) at
Five Branches
Institute
(www.fivvebranches.edu)in San Jose
※August2009:Lecture
at the Doctoral program of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (DAOM) at
America College of Traditional Medicine
in San
Francisco
※September
2009:Lecture
at Minnesota
※February
2009:
Lecture at the Doctoral program of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (DAOM) at
Oregon College of Oriental Medicine, Portland, OR.
※April2009:Lecture
at the
Arizona Society of Oriental Medicine and Acupuncture
(AzSOMA)
Post-Seminar Highlights
Young Wei-Chieh One Needle Therapy and Palm Diagnosis Seminar ended
Successfully and Satisfactorily
The absolutely exclusive “One Needle Therapy and Palm Diagnosis Seminar”
featured with distinguishing characteristics of Young Wei-Chieh was held on
Sep. 4 to 7, 2009 in Los Angeles, California. Because the class was fully
registered after the first round notice, many of the interested participants
were unable to attend the seminar. The four-day seminar content was very
abundant and fulfilling. Dr. Young took his distinguishing featured “time
and space concepts of the acupoints and channels” as fundamental base and
the five elements as the practical application; he expounded the refined and
practical way of point selection: one needle therapy. He also introduced
the palm diagnosis which he has been applying to the clinical practice for
almost forty years and is with very high accuracy. The fingers, palm lines
and eight trigrams etc. were all fully addressed. Every participant was
fascinated. Although they were exhausted from the four-day classes, they
were also very excited about those practical and rarely-touched topics.
This course was the summarization from Dr. Young Wei-chieh’s 40 years of
clinical experience which included several hundred thousand visits, and the
insights from his reading more than tens of thousands of books. The main
subjects included in the course were pain management, internal,
gynecological and five-sense-organ diseases. Dermatological, external and
pediatric diseases were also mentioned. An average of five or above
one-needle points for nearly one hundred diseases was discussed. This
allowed the participants to select the points alternatively and
ingeniously. Dr. Young not only supplemented information on the Tung’s
extraordinary points, but also elucidated on the fourteen-channel points
ultimately. Dr. Young’s
incisively and vividly description on the fourteen-channels proved that his
strength on the fourteen channel was better than that of the extraordinary
points. No wonder he was able to write the most popular acupuncture book in
the twentieth century. As the proverb says “listening to your words today
is better than me studying more than ten years”, many participants expressed
that the four-day course helped them improve and gain more than ten-year
strength. Some participants with many years of practice even talked
straight that they finally learned the real acupuncture. The four-day
course was full of sparkling. When it finally came to an end, the
participants returned enthusiastic applauds and went forward to Dr. Young to
show their gratitude.
The participants of this course also came from around the world. Some even had been practicing for several decades. Dr. Erk (MD, LAc) from Turkey said “When I studied in the medical school, our teacher showed us a beautiful necklace but did not give it to us. Dr. Young also showed us a precious necklace. He not only let us see it, but also gave it to us. I am so grateful that Dr. Young taught us the best without holding back.” Dr. Chen from Toronto said “Teacher, we are extremely happy to learn from you…”Dr. Piao from Palm Springs said “Dr. Young’s course is getting more refined. It covered the profound theories and practical applications as well. But the most important is that it is also friendly and easy to master. This is the highest state.” Dr. Fang from California said “Thank you for letting me experience such a touching seminar….”There was much other feedback expressing gratitude and satisfaction. Knowing everyone harvested abundantly from this seminar, Dr. Young felt very encouraged. He spurred himself that he would continue to research and study, teach and write to help everyone grow.
Remarks: Many participants requested for an advanced seminar combining the fourteen channel and Tung’s extraordinary points. Dr. Young held this One Needle Therapy seminar because it is most practical in clinic and will fulfill the request.
Complete Course of Tung’s Acupuncture (6/5-6/8) ended successfully!
Thank attendees for traveling a long way to participate.
The Complete Course of Tung’s Acupuncture, sponsored by the World Association of Tung’s Acupuncture, lectured by Master Tung’s brilliant student, his direct disciple Dr. Wei-Chieh Young, was held on June 5 to June 8 in Los Angeles. Because of the great enthusiasm to this course, Dr. Young’s office received more than fifty registrations shortly after registration started. To control the quality of the class, they had to limit the class size and stop taking registration one month before the course started. Like prior Complete Courses, this time the attendees also came from around the whole world. Some of them were from the US (New York, Chicago, Boston, Texas, Florida, Middle West), Canada (six attendees were from Toronto). There were others traveling a long distance from Italy, Ireland, Swiss land, Austria, Hong Kong, Bermuda, Australia, etc. A few of them had been teaching acupuncture and Chinese medicine in college for many years.
The course covered theories, manipulation techniques, point locations, therapeutics, etc. Many important and fundamental Chinese medicine theories and Dr. Young’s clinical experiences were weaved in the course contents too. The learning atmosphere was delight and enthusiastic. The lectures were supplemented with pictures, video clips, photos, and charts. Many Tung’s points were demonstrated on attendees by Dr. Young: how to locate them accurately and needle them properly. Dr. Young also demonstrated the blood-letting technique on attendees too. His skills were sharp and clever that everyone exclaimed in admiration. The attendees also exclaimed that the course contents were what they had been seeking and desiring for years. The learning of this course was truly a whole new experience. The greatness of the harvest in the four days was like going through a few years. Some even expressed that this was a learning that will change their life.
Dr. Wei-Chieh Young believes “Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach him how to fish and you feed him for a life time.” Under that principle, Dr. Young taught without holding back and tried his best to teach as much knowledge as possible within the shortest time. The attendees extremely appreciated Dr. Young’s dedication and willing to public his teaching selflessly. They were also very excited about this chance to learn abundant knowledge and techniques.
The class on the third day ended at six in the evening. There was a tea party held afterward in the classroom. The attendees introduced themselves to the class and shared their experience from learning Tung’s Acupuncture, and the reasons they came for this course. The party was harmonious and cheerful and ended at nine o’clock. The four-day course ended, but the attendees were reluctant to leave. They stayed to take pictures together and looked forward to meet one another in the next course.
※Lecture on “One Needle Therapy” will be given for the first time in Autumn 2009. Please check our website for more information by then.
Ask: Why I have to complete the Complete Courses before taking the Advanced Courses?
According to several years of experience in instructing the Complete Courses and attendants' feedbacks, many students felt the fundamental courses were quite profound and had problem following the classes, not to say the advanced courses. That is why it would be better to complete the fundamental classes before taking the advanced courses. Otherwise the participants might have difficulty in following the class and might waste their precious time and money. It is particularly true for those traveling all the way from foreign countries ex, Asia, Europe. We, with a heart of mercy, can not bear to do this. In fact the Complete Courses are sufficient and useful in clinical practice. We suggest one take the Complete Courses (fundamentals) first, and if time allowed in the future, come join us for the advanced course.
Lectures given in 2008
Thanks to every one’s support and traveling a long distance to learn
together. We are grateful that all of our seminars were successful and took a
leap forward. Let us cherish every learning opportunity in our life and
continue to work hard to reach higher level.
The World’s First Advanced Tung’s Acupuncture Seminar Ended Successfully and Satisfactorily
The world’s first Advanced Tung’s Acupuncture Seminar sponsored by The World Association of Tung’s Acupuncture and lectured by Dr. Young, Wei-Chieh was held on Oct. 10 to 13, 2008 in Los Angeles, California. Most participants were from the U.S. and Canada, and some even traveled all the way from Europe. Every seminar attendant has been practicing for years. To prepare for this world’s first Advanced Tung’s Acupuncture Seminar, Dr. Young wrote and edited lecture notes containing about a hundred thousand characters (in Chinese), which if compiled with the impromptu elaborations a new book could be rendered. Different from all previous seminars which used published books as main lecture materials, and to meet the requirements of this whole new course, a brand new handouts “Tung’s Acupuncture: the Advanced Class” edited from the lecture notes and translated into English was issued to the classmates. Besides, some lecture contents were taken from the newly published book, Lectures On Tung’s Acupuncture: Therapeutic System.
The course covered the scopes of the epistemology, ontology, and methodology; and deeply studied on the origins, history, development, elucidations, and applications of Tung’s acupuncture. The course contents involved Yi Jing (The Classic of Yi), Jia Yi Jing (The Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Nei Jing (Internal Cannon), and Nan Jing (The Classic of Difficulties). Tung’s Acupuncture was deduced, induced, analyzed, and synthesized by the perspectives on holisms, time and space. The relationships between Tai Ji, Gan Zhi (heavenly stems and earthly branches), San Cai (three treasures), Wu Xing (five phases), Ba Gua (eight trigrams), and Tung’s acupuncture and their applications were elaborated in details. The practical and advanced Dao Ma (coupling), Qian Yin (guiding) and Qian Kun (heaven and earth) needling methods were made public. Long-term collected clinical cases and experiences of Tung’s extraordinary points were summarized and analyzed. Dr. Young also shared his way of thinking and the process on how to expand the applications of Tung’s extraordinary points. With the handouts and video clips, the theories, techniques, and cautions of the bloodletting method were introduced in details. With his ingenious and sharp technique, Dr. Young demonstrated bloodletting on participants’ Taiyang, ear-apex, posterior neck, elbow crease, Weizhong, back region, calf, foot, finger, Zhiwu, etc. The extensive and practical bloodletting demonstration helped the participants gain deeper understanding and recognition on the importance and miraculous effect of bloodletting and sharpen the skills of bloodletting. Dr. Young also lectured the Tung’s palm diagnosis combined with Young’s palm diagnosis which was researched and developed and has been used by Dr. Young for many years. Every attendant listened to the classes with great gusto and zest and was very excited. The course ended with the exclamations and excitements of joys.
The class atmosphere of the four-day course was very enthusiastic and friendly. During the classes, the attendants raised up various questions related to the course content. The interactions between the teacher and the students were very smooth and pleasurable. Many attendants expressed that this course was not merely advanced, but superb advanced. Dr. Wang, Chuan-Min, also a direct disciple of Master Tung’s but junior than Dr. Young, who came to the seminar to show his support and encouragement also expressed that the course materials were very abundant and profound and could be divided to advanced part one and two. Dr. Young also invited Dr. Wang to give a special topic lecture on the subject of “The Introduction to Master Tung’s Experience” at the second night.
When the seminar came to the ending, the attendants applauded for a long time. They also went to Dr. Young to express their gratitude to him for giving this fantastic lecture without holding back and with earnest efforts. They truly appreciated it that Dr. Young made public of this course. They expected to come to learn again together in the near future. All participants took pictures together and were reluctant to say goodbye.
The Complete Course of Tung's Acupuncture in August 2008
Ended Satisfactorily
The third Complete Course of Tung’s Acupuncture sponsored by the World
Association of Tung’s
Acupuncture was held on August 8 to 11, 2008 in
Los Angeles, California. Like the last two seminars, most attendants
were from America and Canada. Some attendants traveled all the way with
long-distance flights, such as those from Turkey,
Hong Kong, and
Singapore, etc. Most
attendants have practiced for many years. The course, like the previous two
ones, was instructed by Dr. Young Wei-chieh. Dr. Young first introduced the
overall principles and theories of the Tung’s extraordinary points. He then
lectured every point on the locations, functions, indications, and the
theories behind them. Every point was explained with color photos. This
seminar also supplemented with needling video clips to further explain those
commonly used points. Hence, every one was able to master the point locations
and indications, and the needling techniques within a short time. Those extra
clips saved plenty of learning time and hence the classes could focus more on
the point principles and theories and treatments. Although the attendants
rose up quite a few questions, the classes were finished as scheduled and
there was enough time for discussions too. All the attendants expressed that
they harvested abundantly. During the four days, the class atmosphere was
enthusiastic and harmonious. After the seminar, everyone stayed and took
photos together to save the wonderful memory and was reluctant to leave.
Although more than thirty attendants needed to travel with flights, they
planed to join and signed up the advanced courses to-be-held in autumn in
Los Angeles. Overall, this again was a successful seminar.
The Complete Courses of Tung’s Acupuncture, April - May, 2008, ended satisfactorily
The Complete Course of Tung’s Acupuncture, sponsored by the World Association of Tung’s Acupuncture, was held on 4/12, 4/13,5/10,and 5/11 in Los Angeles.
This was the second time Dr. Young lectured such a course in Los Angeles (Chinese-English bilingual class) for American acupuncturists. It was the first time Dr. Young offered a class after the publication of his English version book, “Lectures on Tung’s Acupuncture: Points Study”. Most attendants came from the US and Canada, including nearly 20 from eastern states. In particular, there were several acupuncturists traveled all the way from Europe and Australia for the class.
Although the course focused mainly on introducing and locating points, it also covered the applications and principles of the points in details. Since many attendants were already familiar with Dr. Young’s book “Lectures on Tung’s Acupuncture: Points Study” (some even have been studying Tung’s acupuncture for 20 years), the contents of the course was modified to not follow the book. Instead, Dr. Young added a lot of supplemental materials to cover the principles and theories. The level and contents of this course was more advanced and abundant comparing to the previous one. In fact, there were three times more questions asked than in the previous class. Dr. Young had to prolong the class to finish prepared materials.
At the end of the class, most of the attendants signed up right away for the advanced course to be held in October. Very limited seats are remaining now although it has not yet officially opened for registration. Many attendants stayed and continued to discuss with Dr. Young after the course ended. The attendants expressed that this class helped them a lot and were eager to apply what they learned in their practice.(Back to Page Top)
Lectures given in 2007
On October 14, 2007, Dr. Wei-Chieh Young was invited to give a one-day lecture on “Commonly used Tung’s Acupuncture points” in Phoenix, AZ. While having lunch with the president of Arizona acupuncture board and other Chinese medical doctors, the topic of “medical insurance issues” was discussed.
The lecture was given in Chinese because Arizona State only has 30 + Chinese acupuncturists, and 20 + practitioners were present at the lecture. After the demonstration of Tung’s Acupuncture technique, the practitioners thought this was the most practical lecture they have attended.
From mid-August to September 2007, went to central Asia -Kyrgystan for volunteer clinic treatments for the locals. Daily patients load were about 60 with great results. Former Soviet students of Dr.Young were there to assist in translating Russian and to help stimulating and removing needles. After a hard day of clinic work, Dr. Young also gave lectures to the local practitioners on Tung’s Acupuncture so they can continue to help patients in the future.
On the returning journey back home, Dr. Young had a chance to do some sightseeing in Wu Lu Mu Qi and Tu Lu Fan. The beauty of Xin Jiang and the prosperity of Wu Lu Mu Qi had left a deep impression with Dr. Young.
July 14 to 16, 2007 (Friday, Saturday & Sunday), Dr. Young was invited to give a 3-day lecture series at the Oregon College of Oriental Medicine, Portland, OR. The class was limited to the students in the Doctorate program of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine.
The lectures including: Chinese medicine and acupuncture treatments for geriatric illnesses, commonly used Tung’s Acupuncture points; and Dr. Young’s special clinical experiences with the Five-Shu points. There was a demonstration treatment for a patient during the class. The lectures were welcomed by the students and they thought the lectures were wonderful.
Mid-May 2007, Dr. Young went to Mainland China for medical exchange tour.
May 27, 2007, Dr. Young was invited to give a lecture to the members of Southern Chinese Medical Association in Los Angeles. The topics including: Kidney infection, urinary tract infection, kidney stones, nocturnal emission, and uremia, etc. Dr. Young has a lot of clinical case studies, and he introduced his clinical experiences with acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine to the class.
On Oct. 22 and 23, 2006 Dr. Wei-Chieh Young was invited by American Association of Oriental Medicine to give a seminar on the topic of “The Dao of Tung’s Acupuncture” at the 2006 International Conference & Exposition held in Phoenix city, Arizona. The two-day seminar was from eight to twelve in the morning and one thirty to five thirty in the afternoon for both days. The seminar on 10/22 was in Chinese and 10/23 in English. Since most of the participants had some knowledge of Tung’s acupuncture, the seminar was focused on intermediate to advanced level, but which only minimum Yi-Jing theory was referred (advanced level will cover more). The contents included epistemology, ontology, and methodology, and which intersecting with the philosophy of time, space and wholeness of the theory of Tien Ren He Yi (theory that man is integral part of nature.) Dr. Young first introduced the uniqueness of Tung’s acupuncture, the nomenclatural principles, and the relationship between it and the Fourteen Channels. Next, Dr. Young stated and analyzed the theory and application techniques of Tung’s acupuncture such as Quan Xi (Microsystem), Dui Ying (Correspondences), Ti Ying (Body Correspondences), and Zhang Fu Bei Tong (Zang Fu Extra Relationship Theory). He also supplemented a great number of photos, pictures, and video clips and case studies by using PowerPoint. At the end of the lecture, Dr. Young demonstrated point locations and proofed their therapeutic effectiveness by needling on the audience. The audience gave lots of applauds during the lecture. Even after that, they continued to show their enthusiasms about the course and wished the lecture was not ended yet. Many participants waited to take pictures with Dr. Young after the lecture and all agreed the seminar was exceptionally helpful. Some thought the seminar increased ten years of their practice experience. Some expressed it was the best seminar they have ever had. Some sent appreciation notes to Dr. Young. Receiving so much strong feedback, Dr. Young was very touched, too.
2005 On March 5th and 6th, Dr. Young lectured on "Treatment of Pain with Master Tung's Acupuncture" to doctoral students at Oregon College of Oriental Medicine, Portland. Other than the unique applications of Master Tung's Acupuncture on pain treatment, Dr. Young also explained the principles and the reasons behind their effectiveness. He led treatment demonstrations on more than 30 cases. The students all expressed that they greatly benefited from the class.
2005 In late February, Dr. Young lectured on "Master Tung's Acupuncture: Theoretical Principles and Expanded Applications". This was the first time in 30 years Dr. Young expounded on Master Tung's theories with the most comprehensive information. The planned outline included eight items and 29 sub-items.
2004 In October, Dr. Young was invited to speak on the topics of the "Top Ten Acupuncture Points of the 14 Meridians" and the "Top Ten Master Tung's Points" at American Liberty University (ALU) of Los Angeles. He also covered a sub-topic of "Treatment of Pain with a Single Point", introducing the treatment of many diseases using a single Master Tung's point. The seminar was attended by 180 audience members. According to Mr. Kim, the Vice President of ALU, Dr. Young's seminar set the record where none of the audience left early or complained.
2004 In May, Dr. Young was invited by Chicago's Asian American Acupuncture Association to lecture on "Dr. Tung's Most Useful Special Points", and "Yi Jing Theory and Acupuncture"
2003 In September, Dr. Young presented his article "Yi-Jing and the Directions and Circulations of Meridians'" at the California Acupuncture Medical Association. This article explains the positions, directions, and sequences of meridians with the theory of Yi-Jing. It also covered "Zhang Fu Bei Tong", a core theoretical principle of Master Tung's Acupuncture, and its relationship with Yi-Jing.
2003 In August, Dr. Young presented his article "Body Tissue Corresponding Needling Method: Theoretical Principles and Applications" at the California Acupuncture Medical Association. The article covered the origins of Body Tissue Corresponding Needling Method and Nai Jing's needling Methods. Treating body tissue problems with corresponding tissue needling methods (as stated in the previous paragraph). Treating organ problems with corresponding tissue needling methods (needling close to skin is to treat Lung problems; needling close to muscle is to treat Spleen problems; needling close to vessel is to treat Heart problems; needling close to tendon is to treat Liver problems; and needling close to bone is to treat Kidney problems). Those needling methods are applied not only to Master Tung's Acupuncture, but also to the orthodox acupuncture system (the 14 meridians).
1999 As the Chairman of the Chinese Medical Theory Association of R.O.C., Dr. Young hosted "The First National Symposium on Master Tung's Acupuncture", which attracted more than four hundred attendants. More than thirty attendants presented their research and experience on Master Tung's Acupuncture. Those presentations has been compiled and published into a special edition journal. Dr. Young presented an article about applying the theories he developed from Nei Jing and his clinical experience to Master Tung's Acupuncture. The key contents are as follows.
(1) Applying the theory of six meridians' opening, closing, and pivot to Zhang Fu Bei Tong. Taiyang and Taiyin are opening; Shaoyang and Shaoyin are pivot; Yangming and Jueyin are closing.
(2) Body Tissue Correspondence Needling Method: Bone to Bone (needling close to bone treat bone problem); Tendon to Tendon; Vessel to Vessel; Muscle to Muscle; Skin to Skin.
(3) The relationship between Master Tung's Acupuncture and the 14 orthodox meridians (traditional acupuncture). The area between two meridians could be used to treat a disease related to both meridians; point between two orthodox points will have similar effect.
1987-1988 From September 1987 to September 1988, Dr. Young taught Chinese Medicine at American Acupuncture Association in Palo Alto. The course covered Master Tung's Acupuncture and its point locations, needling methods, and treatments. He also made public of his new discoveries on the academic theories of Master Tung's Acupuncture. The course was lectured every two weeks. The attendants included Mariam Lee, Susan Johnson, Esther Su, Frank Chung, and Mason Shen, a former member of the California State Board of Acupuncture. Some of the contents are as follows.
(1) The importance of needle depth in Master Tung's Acupuncture. Needle depth critically affects the treatment effects and scopes.
(2) The importance of retaining needles. Generally speaking, needles are retained for 45 minutes in Master Tung's Acupuncture. Dr. Young referenced two passages from Ling Shu and concluded that it takes average 28 minutes and 48 seconds for energy to circle meridians. To make it round and to match the fast pace of modern life, needles are retained for 30 minutes in general, unless for chronic or special cases in which needles are retained for 45 minutes or longer.
(3) The importance of correspondences. There are 8 correspondences in Master Tung's Acupuncture.
(4) Master Tung's Acupuncture is in accord with Quan Xi (Bio-Holographic) Theory. It coincides with Dr. Zhang Ying Qing's 2nd metacarpal bone diagnosis & therapy.
(5) Master Tung's Acupuncture is in accord with orthodox acupuncture (traditional acupuncture). This includes the application of point selection with "Following the Channel" (along its own meridian), "Biao Li Channel" (exterior/interior channel relationship), and "Tong Ming Channel" (hand and foot same channel name relationship).